The following are essential terms and definitions commonly used in the field of Basic Electrical Engineering:
The following are essential terms and definitions commonly used in the field of Electrical Engineering:
1. Electrical Charge (C)
Electrical charge refers to the amount of electric force experienced by a particle when placed in an electric field.
Unit: Coulomb (C)
Unit: Micro coulomb (μC)
2. Electric Current (I)
Electric current is the rate at which electric charge flows through a unit cross-sectional area of a conductor.
Unit: Ampere (A)
3. One Ampere (A)
One Ampere is defined as the flow of one Coulomb of electric charge per second through a conductor.
1 A = 1 C/s
4. Voltage (V)
Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points. It represents the force that drives electrons to flow through an external circuit.
Unit: Volt (V)
5. Resistance (R)
Resistance is the opposition offered by a material or component to the flow of electric current through it.
Unit: Ohm (Ω)
6. Resistivity (ρ)
Resistivity is a material property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current. It is defined as the resistance of a material of unit length (1 cm) and unit cross-sectional area (1 cm²).
Unit: Ohm-centimeter (Ω·cm)
7. Conductance (G)
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance. It represents the ease with which electric current can flow through a material or component.
Unit: Siemens (S)
8. Conductivity (σ)
Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity and indicates how easily electric current flows through a material of unit length and cross-sectional area.
Unit: Siemens per centimeter (S/cm)
![\[ Formula = \sigma = 1\rho \]](https://eeeterminal.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-bd731d66de4ede9f23f1841db0cb5b5e_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
9. Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law states that, under constant physical conditions (such as temperature), the electric current through a conductor is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance.
![\[ Formula = I =\frac{V}{R}\]](https://eeeterminal.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-66f7c7349b5e3ddac6f8256939c2388c_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
10. Kirchhoff’s Laws
a) Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):
The algebraic sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction.
![\[ \sum I_{in} = sum I_{out} \]](https://eeeterminal.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-0455b66a7b1362281372fe27e28c968f_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
b) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):
In any closed loop in an electrical circuit, the sum of all voltage drops across the elements is equal to the total supplied voltage.
![\[ \sum V vvoltage sourec = \sum V across individual resistors\]](https://eeeterminal.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a364bb5d6ec99b820f809bea719e9db8_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
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